| La Lupe | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Guadalupe Victoria Yolí Raymond |
| Also known as | La Lupe La Yiyiyi "la Reina del Latin Soul" |
| Born | December 23, 1939 |
| Origin | Santiago de Cuba, Cuba |
| Died | February 29, 1992 (aged 52) The Bronx, New York City, New York, United States |
| Genres | Salsa, Bolero |
| Occupations | Singer |
| Years active | 1958–1980 |
| Associated acts | Tito Puente, Mongo Santamaría, Celia Cruz |
La Lupe (born Guadalupe Victoria Yolí Raymond) (Santiago de Cuba, 23 December 1939[1] – The Bronx, New York, 29 February 1992),[2] was a Cuban-American singer of several musical genres: boleros, guarachas and Latin soul in particular. Known for her energetic, sometimes controversial performances, she is considered by many to be one of the leading singers in the salsa music genre.
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Born in the barrio of San Pedrito in Santiago de Cuba, La Lupe was a singer of extraordinary talent. Her father was a worker at the local Bacardi distillery and a major influence on her early life. Her introduction to fame was in 1954, on a radio program which invited fans to sing imitations of their favorite stars. Lupe bunked off school to sing a bolero of Olga Guillot's, called Miénteme (Lie to me), and won the competition. The family moved to Havana in 1955, where she was enrolled at the University of Havana to become a teacher. Like Celia Cruz, she was certified as a schoolteacher before she became a professional singer.[3]
Lupe married in 1958 and formed a musical trio with her husband Eulogio "Yoyo" Reyes and another female singer. This group, Los Tropicuba, broke up along with the marriage in 1960. She began to perform her own act at a small nightclub in Havana, La Red (The Net), which had a clientele of distinguished foreigners. She acquired a devoted following, which included Ernest Hemingway, Tennessee Williams, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and Marlon Brando. She also performed regularly on radio. She released her first album, Con el Diablo en el cuerpo (With the Devil in my body) in 1960, for RCA Victor, which was later certified gold.[3] Her first television appearance on Puerto Rican television caused a stir due to her frenzied, vibrant performance, which reportedly shocked some viewers.[4]
In 1962 she found herself exiled to the United States. In New York City she performed at a cabaret named La Barraca, where she was discovered by Mongo Santamaría and started a new career, making more than 10 records in five years. She married a second time, to salsa musician Willie García, with whom she had a daughter. That marriage also ended in divorce.[4]
Lupe's passionate performances covered the range of music: son montuno, bolero, boogaloo, venturing into other Caribbean styles like Dominican merengue, Puerto Rican bomba and plena. It was her recordings which brought Tite Curet Alonso into prominence as a composer of tough-minded boleros in the salsa style. In the 1960s she was the most acclaimed Latin singer in New York City due to her partnership with Tito Puente. She was the first Latin singer to sell out a concert event at Madison Square Garden. She covered a wide variety of cover versions in either Spanish or accented English, including Yesterday, Dominique by The Singing Nun, Twist & Shout, Unchained Melody, Fever and America from West Side Story.
The quality of her performances became increasingly uneven. There were pesistent rumours of her drug addiction, and her life was "a real earthquake" according to close friends.[5] She ended some of her on-stage engagements being treated with an oxygen mask.[4] Although she may have been poorly managed by her label Fania Records in particular, she managed and produced herself in mid-career, after she parted ways with Tito Puente.[5]
A devout follower of Santería, she continued to practice her religion regardless of the influence, fortune, and fame she had acquired throughout the height of her career. Her record label, Fania Records, ended her contract in the late 1970s, perhaps simply because of falling sales. She retired in 1980, and found herself destitute by the early 1980s. In 1984 she injured her spine while trying to hang a curtain in her home; she initially used a wheelchair, then later a cane.[6] An electrical fire made her homeless. After being "healed" at an evangelical Christian Crusade, La Lupe abandoned her Santería roots and became a born-again Christian. In 1991, she gave a concert at La Sinagoga in New York, singing Christian songs.[7]
She died of a heart attack on 29 February 1992 at 52 years of age.[8] She was survived by her second husband William García, son René Camaño (from her first marriage) and her daughter Rainbow García (from her second marriage). She's interred in Saint Raymond's Cemetery in the Bronx.[9]
This section is believed to be complete:
This section is not complete.
Short list of characteristic numbers, taken from Giro Radamés' Diccionario enciclopédico de la música en Cuba and compilation albums: